单击以编辑母版标题样式,单击以编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,无线测量,第7章,无线测量第7章,内容提要,无线测量的基本原理,不连续传输,DTX,无线测量的处理方法,算术平均,加权平均,标准处理与快速处理,测量数据的丢失处理,内容提要无线测量的基本原理,距离,质量,测量,判决:越区切换,功率控制,呼叫清除,处理,信号强度,一、移动通信中对无线测量的要求,距离质量测量判决:越区切换,功率控制,呼叫清除处理信,判决过程与参数,判决过程与参数,处理优先级,处理优先级,二、无线测量的流程,无线测量的结果是判决越区切换和功率控制的准则移动台测量下行链路的信号强度和信号质量，基站测量上行链路的信号强度和信号质量移动台在,测量报告,中包含的测量数据：,下行链路接收的信号电平：,RXLEV_DL,下行链路接收的信号质量，即误比特率（,BER）：RXQUAL_DL,下行链路相邻小区的信号电平：,RXLEV_NCELL(n),Layer 1 Header,消息中传输的测量数据：,移动台与基站的距离,移动台当前使用的功率：,MS_TXPWR,和,MS_TXPWR_CONF,基站计算的测量数据,上行链路接收的信号电平：,RXLEV_UL,上行链路接收的信号质量：,RXQUAL_UL,基站当前使用的功率：,BS_TXPWR,二、无线测量的流程 无线测量的结果是判决越区切换和,无线测量过程描述,无线测量过程描述,无线测量的报告消息,Mobile Measurements,Decision of Mobile Power Control,Call Clearing Indication,Handover Indication,L1M:Layer One Management,BSC,L1M,BTS,TRAFFIC,MANAGEMENT,无线测量的报告消息Mobile MeasurementsDe,D0,D1,D2,D3,D4,D5,D6,D7,A0,A1,A2,A3,-,-,-,D0,D1,D2,D3,D4,D5,D6,D7,A4,A5,A6,A7,-,-,-,A5,A6,A7,D0,D1,D2,D3,D4,D5,D6,D7,A0,-,A1,A2,A3,D0,D1,D2,D3,D4,D5,D6,D7,A4,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,SDCCH/8,(downlink),SDCCH/8,(uplink),235,ms,On SDCCH,1,SACCH message block consists of 4 SACCH TS.,A complete measurement report is sent every 2 x 235=470 ms.,Di:data conveyed on sub-channel i,Ai:SACCH block associated with block Di,三、无线测量的报告周期,D0D1D2D3D4D5D6D7A0A1A2A3-D0D,TCH,TCH,TCH,TCH,SACCH,Idle,On TCH,120,ms,1,SACCH message block consists of 4 SACCH TS.,A complete measurement report is sent every 4 x 120=480 ms.,12,TCH,12,TCH,.,.,无线测量报告周期,TCHTCHTCHTCHSACCHIdleOn TCH120,无线测量数据处理方法的三要素(对象、算法、时间),:,需要对功率电平、通信质量、邻小区评估、距离,进行平均处理；,两种平均算法：算术平均(标准)和加权平均；,规定每一次平均运算的周期。
无线测量的三要素,无线测量数据处理方法的三要素(对象、算法、时间):无线测量的,RXLEV,RXLEV:Received signal level averaged over a complete SACCH block period and,coded onto 6 bits(0-63),RXLEV in dBm=-110+RXLEV=RXLEV ranges between-110 and-47 dBm,四、无线测量的数据类型,1、RXLEV(,信号电平),RXLEVRXLEV:Received signal l,RXQUAL,表示的是一个测量报告周期内接收的信号质量的平均值，长度为3比特，范围从0到7,2、,无线通信质量的测量,RXQUAL,与误比特率的对应关系,RXQUAL,误比特率,平均值,0,12.8%,18.10%,误比特率与,RXQUAL,（,i,）,的换算公式为：,平均误比特率,=2,1/2,2,i,0.1%,RXQUAL表示的是一个测量报告周期内接收的信号质量的平均值,TS1,3,TS,Timing Advance,d=,2 x,t,TDMA Frame,F,The compensation of the propagation delay is by the advancing MS transmission time of,d.,The BTS continuously measures time offset between the burst schedule and the received burst.,TS1,TS1,TS1,Without TA,TS expected,by the BTS,3,TS-,d,TS2,Overlapping,TS2,TS2,TS2,Anticipation of,the MS transmission,t,3、无线传播时延和定时提前量的测试,TS13 TSTiming Advance d=2 x,处于专用模式,The BTS permanently evaluates,Timing Advance TA for Frame Alignment.,TA:0.63,The BTS permanently evaluates MS_BS Distance used as a,criterion for HO and Call Clearing.,MS_BS DISTANCE(m)=TA_TO_M*Timing advance TA,TA_TO_M=T*v/(2*BP),with:,T=Duration of one timeslot(secs)=3/5200,577 s,BP=No.of bit periods in one timeslot=156.25,v=velocity of light,MS_BS DISTANCE range=0-63,定时提前量和,MS-BS,距离数据的描述方法,处于专用模式The BTS permanently eval,MS_TXPWR and MS_TXPWR_CONF are expressed as a power control level from the maximum TXPWR possible in the band:,The Power Control Levels are not converted into dBm for the storage,BS_TXPWR and BS_TXPWR_CONF are expressed as a power control level,in the range 0-15(not in dBm),from the maximum TXPWR allowed for the BTS through,bsTxPwrMax,parameter.,功率控制电平,Power Control Level,Nominal Output Power(900 MHz),0,43.41 dBm,1,41.39 dBm,2,39.37 dBm,.,MS_TXPWR and MS_TXPWR_CONF are,空闲,空闲,TC25,TC24,复帧,i,复帧,i+1,临近,BTS,TS0,TS0,监视窗口,TS0,TS0,TS0,在邻近小区的,BCCH,频率上测量,TC1,处于当前小区的移动台,TC25,TC24,TC1,五、对邻小区的监视和测量,下行链路,上行链路,空闲空闲TC25TC24复帧 i复帧 i+1临近BTSTS,减少干扰,延长手机电池工作时间,a,a,b,b,小区,b,小区,a,六、不连续传输,减少干扰延长手机电池工作时间aabb小区 b小区 a六、不连,采用,DTX,不采用,DTX,下行链路测量报告,RXLEV_SUB_SERVING_CELL,RXQUAL_SUB_SERVING_CELL,RXLEV_FULL_SERVING_CELL,RXQUAL_FULL_SERVING_CELL,上行链路测量报告,RXLEV_SUB_UP,RXQUAL_SUB_UP,RXLEV_FULL_UP,RXQUAL_FULL_UP,BTS,测量,RxLevUL_SUB,RxLevUL_FULL,RxQualUL_SUB,RxQualUL_FULL,BTS,设置,DTX,标志,DTX_USED,或,DTX_NOT USED,MS,测量,RxLevDL_SUB,RxLevDL_FULL,RxQualDL_SUB,RxQualDL_FULL,MS,设置,DTX,标志,DTX_USED,或,DTX_NOT USED,不连续传输对无线测量的影响,采用DTX 不采用DTX 下行链路测量报告RXLEV_SUB,七、标准平均,七、标准平均,算术平均,算术平均是对最新的,XXHreqave,个数据(,L1M,收到的测量结果中的数据)进行计算，并在收到每个新的测量报告时就计算一次，即使目前并不需要这些值，也需要计算。
算术平均 算术平均是对最新的XXHreqave个数据(L,加权平均,加权平均是对,XXHreqt,个数据(测量值或算术平均值)进行计算，并且只有当需要的时候才会计算一次，即只有当距离、质量或电平的平均值需要与判决门限进行比较时才会计算它们的加权平均值每当,runCallClear,、,runPwrControl,或,runHandOver,出现时，才会计算加权平均加权平均 加权平均是对XXHreqt个数据(测量值或算术,算术平均和加权平均相结合,算术平均和加权平均相结合,八、短平均(快速处理),八、短平均(快速处理),TIME,权重,举例,:,XXHreqave,=4,XXHreqt,=3,Weights,=45,30,25,25,30,45,PAST,12 SACCH,块,6 s,PRESENT,TIME,T0,HREQAVE x HREQT,WEIGHTING IS A WAY OF GIVING MORE IMPORTANCE TO,PRESENT OVER PAST MEASUREMENTS,标准处理,PRESENT,PAST,No handover decision before Hreqave*Hreqt Level and Quality measurements and rxNCellHreqave neighboring cells measurements.,TIME权重举例:XXHreqave=4253045P,标准处理不能满足特定的需要,HOW?,Arithmetic averaging on less measurements,SHORTER AVERAGES,WHY?,To enable a quicker handover decision,(HO on PBGT only),WHAT?,Level on the current+neighboring cells,WHO?,Fast moving MS,slow reselection process,MS turning at a street corner,MS entering a tunnel,SHORTER AVERAGES ARE USED。
