2023年学历类考试考前冲刺卷本卷共分为2大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格一、单项选择题（共49题，每题2分每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.关于化学性突触传递，下列错误的是__A．双向传递B．突触延搁C．总和D．对内环境变化敏感E．易疲劳 2.Passage FiveThe computer is a wonderful machine. It is the most important invention since the type of engine used in cars. Today it has the greatest effect on science, industry and business, but it is being used more in education and medicine. By the end of this century it will touch the lives of everyone, even people in distant villages. It is a revolutionary invention.The oldest kind of computer is the abacus, used in China since the sixth century. In the seventeenth century an adding machine was invented, but the first large, modern computer was built in 1973. A few years later a computer could do 5,000 additions per second. Now the computations are so fast that they are measured in nanoseconds.Today most computers are stored-program computers, that is, they have a memory. They are getting smaller and smaller, and computing faster and faster. Even in a large computer, the part that does the actual computing is about the size of the end of a finger.Computers can do all kinds of work. When someone buys something in a department store, in formation about the sale goes into a computer. A scientist can talk to the computer about the rocks, and the computer answers the questions. A doctor can talk to the computer and explains what is wrong with a patient. If the doctor asks why, the computer goes through its stored information and ex plains exactly why.When early humans began fanning, it was a revolutionary change in human life. It was hundreds of thousands of years later that people developed a writing system. In less than fifty years people have developed computers that can do most of the things humans can do. This could be a frightening development.The part of a computer that （） is the size of the end of a finger.A．prints the informationB．stores the informationC．does the computingD．memorizes computing3. 4.生产商品的社会必要劳动时间随着生产技术的进步，劳动生产率的提高而发生变化，这时早先生产的商品的A．价值与价格将随之发生反方向的变化B．价值与价格将随之发生同方向的变化C．价值不变，价格发生反方向的变化D．价格不变，价值发生反方向的变化 5.既能止血又能降低门静脉压的药物是A．6-氨基己酸B．安络血C．垂体后叶素D．止血敏E．抗血纤溶芳酸 6.Criticism and self-criticism is necessary ______ it helps us to find and correct our mistakes.A．by thatB．at thatC．on thatD．in that 7.肛裂最突出的临床表现是A．排便时粪便表面带血B．经常便秘C．排便时和排便后肛门剧烈疼痛D．脓血便、疼痛、肛门痉挛 8.下列描述中，不符合Burkitt淋巴瘤的是A．与8号染色体上c-myc基因的易位有关B．常发生于颌骨、颅骨、面骨C．镜下形成满天星图像D．不可治愈 9.期货交易所一般实行A．合约制B．会员制C．期货制D．合同制 10.邓小平指出：“社会主义是共产主义第一阶段，当然这是一个很长很长的历史阶段。
我国之所以处于并将长期处于社会主义初级阶段的最根本的原因是A．存在多种所有制经济B．生产力不发达C．我国的主要矛盾决定的D．我国社会主义制度还不完善 11.引起不同坡度的温度差异的主要因素是__A．风速差异B．海拔高低差异C．太阳辐射差异D．降水幅度差异 12.应用级网关类的防火墙主要进行 ______A．数据包过滤B．应用程序访问过滤C．访问规则过滤D．数据包转发 13.Passage TwoThe difference between biological and physical science is not that one is inexact, the other exact, but in degree of exactness, this being related to the number of variables which must be dealt with simultaneously and the extent to which they can be controlled. In general, the biological sciences must deal with larger errors than the physical sciences; but this is not uniformly true, as the student will realize when he considers the accuracy of meteorological prediction or if he comprehends the meaning of the fact that the structural engineer considers it necessary very often to use a safety factor of two or three hundred per cent. The statistical principles of dealing with error of measurement, or in prediction and generalization, are the same whether the errors are large or small. Statistics is not a means of confusing issues that would otherwise be clear, nor a substitute for obtaining clear answers, but a means of checking and controlling conclusions by providing an estimate of the error to which a conclusion is subject.According to the writer, the exactness of a science is partly related to （）A．the skill of the scientistB．the extent to which variables can be controlledC．the requirements of the observerD．the development of more accurate instruments14.晏阳初提倡的四大教育不包括__A．生计教育B．文艺教育C．卫生教育D．体育教育 15.Soft money is the huge, unlimited contributions from corporations, labor union and wealthy individuals that political parties raise and spend on campaign attack ads and other (1) designed to influence elections. The soft money system undermines campaign finance laws (2) limit contributions and (3) the sources of funds that can be spent on federal campaigns. It provides corporations, labor unions, and wealthy individuals a way to circumvent federal election laws and (4) campaigns with tens of millions of special interest dollars, (5) corporations and unions have been (6) from contributing or spending their treasury finds to influence federal elections since 1907 and 1947, (7) . Individuals can contribute to federal (8) through parties and candidates, but only in (9) amounts.The Democratic and Republican parties (10) ＄262 million in (11) money for the 1996 elections. The parties raise soft money under the (12) that it will be used for general party building activities. (13) , soft money pays for campaign ads in the way as issue discussion, political research, polling, fund raising, and get out the-vote efforts all of which affect the (14) of federal elections.Soft money was the source of the 1996 political fund-raising scandals, (15) the selling of the Lincoln bedroom, White House coffees and the influx of foreign money into the (16) campaign.The McCain-Feingold bill (17) the soft money system by prohibiting candidates and national political parties from raising soft money, and by prohibiting state political parties from (18) soft money on activities which affect federal elections. In other (19) ,the current practice of raising unlimited soft money contributions from corporations, unions and wealthy individuals, and then channeling this money into federal elections would end. The national parties would be (20) to raise all of their funds under the limits and restrictions in the law.Read tile following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, and D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)7（）A．whatB．thatC．andD．it16.China’s entry into the WTO actually represents the result of a three-sided win-win situation--China, the United States and the WTO. China, still a developing country, has a total economic capacity (1) seventh worldwide, and is the 10th largest nation (2) trade worldwide. In the 21st century, China’s economy will greatly (3) the world economy. Without China, the WTO is (4) , and its role greatly (5) Thus, China’s entry into the WTO is ,necessary for the WTO to (6) its universality. (7) the United States, China’ s entry into the WTO will realize the general needs of the development (8) and the mutual interests of Sino-U. S. (9) trade, and will help gradually solve the problem of huge deficits in the U.S. trade with China.As for China, through 13 years of difficult negotiations, China has finally realized its (10) of joining the WTO as a developing country: the bilateral agreement between China and the United States (11) this fundamental principle. China’s entry into the WTO as a developing country is (12) great significance, implying as it does that China will enjoy, according to law, a developing country’s preferential arrangements, protection of and export subsidies for its embryonic industries, as well as elastic stipulations in the tariff system. For example, China will (13) for a six-year period a 25 percent import tax rate for its auto industry; in the agriculture sector, most of markets (wheat, maize, rice, cotton, sugar, and fertilizer) will be franchised by the State so as to ensure the State has (14) means of macroeconomic control, there by (15) farmers’ interests; and the banking sector will gradually open during a transitional period. Moreover, in some sectors, the markets will still remain closed, or, at least, the ’opening of these markets has to be specifically (16) by the Chinese government. Only developing countries have the right to enjoy the above-mentioned buffer opportunities. The Sino-U. S. agreement further contains no (17) prohibiting China from adopting WTO exceptional clauses; instead, China can adopt exceptional clauses which are exclusively (18) to developing countries. This objectively recognizes that China enjoys status of a developing country and means that China can adopt such exceptional clauses as protection of its infant industries. Should its domestic markets be seriously affected or harmed by external factors China can adopt temporary measures to compensate.In short, China’s (19) to the WTO as a developing country ensures that China’s obligations to the WTO are (20) with its current development level, thus greatly reducing the negative effects to China’s industries resulting from its entry into the WTO.2（）A．prohibitingB．protectingC．projectingD．preventing17.一般而言，启动实验是由启动显示与__组成。
A．探测显示B．目标显示C．干扰显示D．分心物显示 18.多食苦味，则A．血脉凝滞，面色无泽B．筋脉拘急，爪甲枯槁C．皮肤干燥，毫毛脱落D．皮肉皱缩，口唇干薄 19.抢救大咯血窒息患者时最紧急的措施是A．高浓度氧疗B．解除呼吸道梗阻，保持气道通畅C．静脉注射呼吸中枢兴奋剂D．进行人工呼吸E．补充血容量，维持血压 20.患者因急性左心衰入院，既往有两次心肌梗死病史，关于心肌梗死的记录应放在A．现病史中B．既往史中C．个人史中D．现病史中与既往史中都要记录E．不必记录 21.Much social talk, (36) from casual conversation to formal (37) speech has an aim other than to convey information or to achieve agreement on disputed issues. Individuals talk and listen to one (38) , in part simply to enhance sociability--to (39) their enjoyment in being together. Sometimes this is called speech to entertain, but this traditional label has (40) been very satisfactory. Social talk serves a more important function (41) merely to pass time (42) .A great deal of the (43) and the listening that occurs (44) casual circumstances may seem to be (45) , in the sense that the discourse is relaxed, relatively formless, and expressive of strong and intimate feelings. (46) , such speaking and listening are highly valued. Normal individuals dread being deprived (47) companionship. If required to be (48) for a time, they may mm on the (49) or television, not to learn something, (50) not even to be entertained, (51) to feel the sociability of hearing human speech. The (52) purpose of much speech (including most (53) and many public speeches) is to knit together (54) closely and more pleasantly the ties of (55) .50（）A．underB．belowC．overD．above22.参与一碳单位代谢的氨基酸是A．丝氨酸、丙氨酸B．甘氨酸、酪氨酸C．赖氨酸、蛋氨酸D．甘氨酸、丝氨酸 23.__的教育哲学成为中世纪基督教教育的理论基础。
A．昆体良B．奥古斯丁C．西塞罗 D阿奎那 24.某研究者为了评价拜新同治疗高血压的效果，从10家市级医院中随机抽取 200名高血压患者，并随机分为两组，一组服用拜新同，另一组服用安慰剂，随访6个月，观察血压的变化情况，比较、分析两组的效果，以判断拜新同的疗效这种研究属于A．描述性研究B．病例对照研究C．队列研究D．实验研究E．理论研究 25.He was （） admission of the restaurant for not wearing a tie.A．deniedB．grantedC．acquiredD．appealed26.Mary: Tom, would you like to go to a party this SaturdayTom: ______. What kind of partyMary: It's a birthday party.A．Sounds goodB．Looks niceC．Seems all rightD．Feels excellent 27.上盛下虚，寒痰喘咳，最宜选用A．真武汤B．金匮肾气丸C．苏子降气汤D．小青龙汤 28.苏合香丸的功用是A．清热开窍，镇惊安神B．清热化痰，开窍定惊C．清热开窍，化浊解毒D．芳香开窍，行气温中 29.完带汤证的病变脏腑是A．心、脾B．脾、肾C．肝、脾D．肝、肾E．脾、肺 30.Some countries still have death penalty (死刑), but it no longer (61) in Britain. After a particularly (62) murder, British people would sometimes call (63) it to be brought back. In some people’s (64) , the death penalty cannot be defended for a number of (65) According to what these people (66) , the first and the most important one is that one can (67) be entirely certain that the person who is sentenced to death is (68) . The accused might well be (69) that he or she is completely innocent a few years (70) the sentence. It is often (71) that the death penalty (72) crimes. However, many crimes are (73) by a sudden and very powerful (74) . In these cases, the individual is not thinking sensibly (75) does not stop to consider the risk. Their final reason (76) the death penalty is that it sets a bad example. The laws of the society should reflect its values, If it is wrong to murder another, (77) it is also wrong for the state to execute (处死) an individual. To sum (78) , they believe the death penalty cannot be defended. There are other ways of punishing criminals and these ways should always be (79) . Obviously, these people are much more sympathetic with the accused than with the (80) . Are the societies which have abandoned death penalty safer than the others The answer is definitely negative.54（）A．argueB．proposeC．assumeD．suppose31.Would you like me ______ the radio a bitA．turning downB．to turn downC．turn downD．turned down 32.“三个代表”重要思想，在邓小平理论的基础上，创造性回答的问题是__。
A．什么是马克思主义、怎样对待马克思主义B．什么是共产主义、怎样为实现共产主义目标而奋斗C．什么是社会主义、怎样建设社会主义D．建设什么样的党、怎样建设党 33.消化性溃疡的最常见合并症是A．穿孔B．癌变C．幽门狭窄D．出血E．黏膜萎缩 34.It is seen as an effective means of business communication where relevant staff can have （） to a computer network.A．excessB．accessC．assessD．entrance35.研末调敷足心用治口疮的药是A．吴茱萸B．小茴香C．肉桂D．母丁香 36.Text 4During the 1990s boom Dell Computer’s customers got hooked on speed. Most were willing to pay a premium to have their computers shipped by overnight air express. But today, the equation has flipped. Customers prize cost savings over speed. Now, most of our computers [in the U. S. ] are shipped on the ground and we can still reach just about everyone within two days, says Fred Montoya, Dell’s vice president for worldwide logistics.Express air shipping isn’t in a death spiral. But recession-spooked consumers and manufacturers are less willing to pay for overnight delivery, which is three to five times more expensive than ground shipping. Even when they pay, satisfaction is not guaranteed. After September 11, security scrutiny of air freight can result in long delayswhich means roads may actually be faster. That’s another reason why the number of packages shipped by air domestically fell 7.6% in 2001. And even with the recovery under way, air express volume is forecast to rebound by just 3% this year. There’s a mass migration from air to trucks, says Jerry Levy, marketing director for air shipper Bax Global Inc.The industry’s giants are ready to roll with the change. In the past several years, Fe-dEx and UPS have rebuilt their ground networks as a series of regional hubs able to deliver most packages overnight within a 700 mile radius. Now, we can move a package in the most expedient way ground or air or a combination of both, says Tom Weidemeyer, UPS’ chief operating officer and president of its airline unit. New technologiesincluding bar coding, satellite tracking, online billing and statusare easing the transition. Even impatient customers are willing to do without overnight delivery if they know when [a shipment] will arrive, notes Brian Clancy, a principal at industry consultant Merge-Global Inc.The grounding of so much freight is solidifying the lead of UPS and FedEx. We’re able to keep business in the family that we might have lost, says William Margaritis, FedEx’s corporate vice-president for worldwide communications. His company has invested $ 700 million in a new ground-delivery network while deferring the delivery of 123 aircraft. And strict new security requirements have forced the passenger airlines to stop carrying packages for the U. S. Postal Service, notes Richard Lung, director of revenue management at United Airlines Inc. ’s cargo unit. And small shippers, whether air or truck, lack the capital to build hybrid networks. We got caught with our pants down, says Levy of Bax Global, which added a ground-delivery unit in 2000. Slow and steady really does win the race.We can learn from the beginning of the text that（）A．customers used to attach importance to fancy packaging.B．there is a radical change in customers' considerations.C．it is high time that delivery service would better quality.D．customers now tend to choose speed over cost savings.37. 38.婴儿结核性脑膜炎早期主要表现为A．发热、盗汗、消瘦B．蹙眉、皱额、凝视、嗜睡C．便秘D．食欲下降、呕吐E．惊厥 39.下述免疫属于非特异性免疫的是：A．患麻疹后不会再感染麻疹B．唾液内溶菌酶的杀菌作用C．注射流行性乙型脑炎预防针D．种牛痘预防天花 40.“甘薯所在，居民便有半年之粮”，至迟在______时就可以吃到这种高产美味食品。
A．唐朝B．西汉C．明朝D．清朝 41.关于建设用地使用权的出让，下列说法正确的是__A．仅限于招标、投标方式B．应当签订出让合同C．建设用地使用权自出让合同生效时设立D．是无偿的 42.病理性钙化钙盐量多时肉眼呈A．暗红色团块状B．黑色炭末样C．蓝色颗粒状质块D．灰白色石灰样质块 43.对儿童的道德发展提出3水平6阶段道德发展理论的是（）A．皮亚杰B．柯尔伯格C．杜威D．弗洛伊德 44.______ right now, she would get there on Sunday.A．Would she leaveB．If she leavesC．Were she to leaveD．If she had left 45.销售专家认为，在一个不再扩张的市场中，一个公司最佳的销售策略就是追求最大的市场份额，而达到目标的最佳方式就是做一些能突出竞争对手 缺点的比较广告在国内萧条的奶粉市场中，A牌奶粉与B牌奶粉进行了两年的比较广告战，相互指责对方产品对婴儿的健康造成有害影响。
然而，这些广告战并没 有使各自的市场份额增大，反而使很多人不再购买任何品牌的国产奶粉 以上陈述最强地支持下面哪一个结论A．不应该在一个正在扩张或可能扩张的市场中使用比较广告B．比较广告冒有使它们的目标市场不是扩张而是收缩的风险C．比较广告不会产生任何长期效益，除非消费者能很容易地判断那些广告的正确性D．如果一个公司的产品比其竞争对手产品的质量明显高出一筹的话，比较广告在任何情况下都能增加该公司产品的市场份额 46.设A是任-n(n≥3)阶方阵，A*是其伴随矩阵，又k为常数，且k≠0，±1，则必有(kA)*=______．A．kA*B．kn-1A*C．knA*D．k-1A* 47.适用死缓必须具备的条件是__A．犯罪分子有悔改表现B．犯罪分子有立功表现C．罪不当死D．不是必须立即执行死刑 48.下列句子中，（）与“蚂蚁摇头晃脑捋着触须，猛然间想透了什么，转身疾行而去”运用的修辞手法相同A．那个柿子多半是因为长在太高的树梢上，才没有让人摘下来B．如果以乐器来对应四季，我想春天应该是小号，夏天是定音鼓，秋天是大提琴，冬天是圆号和长笛。
C．这里的水却不同，要说多也不算太多，但股股叠叠都精神焕发，合在一起比赛着奔腾的力量D．我回到写字台前，把《野草》阖上，我吃惊地发现，那一颗透明的红心也在书上燃烧49.If motorists had to pay an extra tax to drive in cities, they （） their cars a lot less.A. useB. will useC. usedD. would use二、多项选择题（共49题，每题2分每题的备选项中，有多个符合题意） 1.人民法院在处理相邻房屋滴水纠纷时，对有过错的一方造成他方损害的，应当责令其A．排除妨碍B．消除危险C．赔礼道歉D．赔偿损失。
