南开大学-外国语学院-美国文学课件Herman-Melville-and-Moby-----dick

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Herman Melville,and,Moby Dick,Herman Melville (1819-1891),Works,1.Redburn 1849,2.Typee 1846,3.Omoo 1874,4.Moby Dick 1851,5.Mardi 1849,6.White Jacket 1850,7.Pierre 1852,8.Billy Budd 1924,Life,Melville was born in New York City.Both his parents came from well-to-do families,but later their family business failed.,Melvilles childhood was happy to the age of 11,when his father died in,debt,.,Melville was born into a slightly eccentric,established New England family.,His father Alan imported clothes and other goods from France,providing Herman with a comfortable and happy childhood in New York.,After Herman”s father died in 1832,the family relied on financial assistance from his mother”s wealthy family and Herman left school to go to work.,Herman educated himself while working a variety of jobs throughout teens.,In 1839,Melville began his affair with sea when he joined the crew of the St.Lawrence and set sail for Liverpool England.,In 1840,Melville set sail aboard the Acushnet,a whaling ship headed for the South Pacific.The rough conditions of the sea toughened the romantic New Englander and he took such a liking to sea life that he sailed around the globe four years aboard various ships.,Melville was welcomed home by his family who was entertained by his tales of the high seas and encouraged him to write them down.Herman wrote,Typee,quickly in 1845,and published it the next year.,Typee,became a critical and financial success,in 1847,Melville married Elizabeth Shaw,daughter of the Chief Justice of Massachusetts.,To make himself more financially stable for his impending marriage,Melville sought a position with the U.S.Treasury and took on extra work writing book reviews.,Moby Dick,published in November 1851,received poor reviews and did not sell.,Despite this continued output and the fact his earlier novels continued to be reprinted and sold fairly well,Melville”s literary reputation was in rapid decline.,His death from a heart attack on September 28,1891 went entirely unheeded by the general public.,Melville”s literary reputation remained in decline until he was rediscovered in the 1920”s,when a generation,disillusioned by the Great War began to appreciate the depth of Melville”s spiritual struggles and the”modern”experimental style of his stories.,Type of work:symbolic novel,First publication:1851,Setting:Most of the book takes place on various oceans,such as the Atlantic,the Indian,and the Pacific,in the early to mid 1800s.However,a good deal of the first part of the novel takes place in New England inside and around Nantucket.,Moby Dick,Principal Characters,:,Ishmael,schoolteacher and part-time sailor;a Presbyterian,like Melville,he projects Calvinistic thinking tempered by his background in literature and philosophy.He discusses such issues as free will,predestination,necessity,and damnation.He is the sole survivor of the,Pequod,.,Captain Ahab,A man who is obsessed with the killing of a white whale that has maimed him.He has a scar which extends from his head to his leg.,Starbuck,The first mate,is bold enough to criticize Ahab”s vengeance,considers mutiny but fails.,Stubb,The second mate who is carefree,indifferent,and fatalistic.,Moby Dick,It is the White Whale;the worlds largest creature.It is powerful,legendary image of nature.It swims peacefully in the sea until disturbed by humans,then shows a terrible fury and anger.For Ahab,Moby Dick is the symbol of evil.,Themes of,Moby Dick,Search for truth：The story deals,with the human pursuit of truth,and the meaning of existence.,Conflict between Good and Evil.,Conflict between Man and Nature.,Isolation between man and man;man and nature;man and society.,Solipsism唯我论.,Symbols,The Pequod,The Pequod is a symbol of doom.It is painted a gloomy black and covered in whale teeth and bones,literally bristling with the mementos of violent death.It is,in fact,marked for death.Adorned like a primitive coffin,the,Pequod,becomes one.,.,Symbols,Moby Dick,Moby Dick possesses various symbolic meanings for various individuals.,1)Symbol of nature for human beings,because it is mysterious,powerful,unknown.,2)Symbol of evil for the Captain Ahab.,3)Symbol of good and purity because of,its whiteness.,Symbols,Voyage of the Pequod,Symbol of the pursuit of ideals,adventure,and the hunt in the vast wilderness,.,Ahab,Symbol of solipsism,revenge and then evil.,Symbols,Starbuck,Symbol of good and noble.,the Doubloon,Symbol of the lure of evil and enticements to greed.,Sea,Symbol of vastness,loneliness,and isolation.,Evaluation,Moby Dick,is,critics have agreed,one of the worlds greatest masterpieces.To get to know the 19th century American mind and America itself,one has to read this book.,One of the classics of American Literature and even world literature,.,Moby Dick,is an encyclopedia of everything,history,philosophy,religion,etc.in addition to a detailed account of the operations of the whaling indust。